{"id":37,"date":"2013-03-25T21:08:02","date_gmt":"2013-03-25T21:08:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/?page_id=37"},"modified":"2017-10-30T14:48:19","modified_gmt":"2017-10-30T13:48:19","slug":"technical-informations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/?page_id=37","title":{"rendered":"Technical information &#8211; Page 1"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 hundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-overflow:visible;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-title title fusion-title-1 fusion-title-text fusion-title-size-two\"><h2 class=\"title-heading-left fusion-responsive-typography-calculated\" style=\"margin:0;--fontSize:18;--minFontSize:18;line-height:1.5;\">Stepped drums (Leibnitz\/Thomas style)<\/h2><span class=\"awb-title-spacer\"><\/span><div class=\"title-sep-container\"><div class=\"title-sep sep-double sep-solid\" style=\"border-color:#e0dede;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/?page_id=3650\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/?page_id=4317\">Next Page<\/a> &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-1 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div id=\"attachment_4010\" style=\"width: 247px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/leibniz2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4010\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-4010\" alt=\"leibniz2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/leibniz2-237x300.jpg\" width=\"237\" height=\"300\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4010\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)<\/p><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Leibniz1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-4011\" alt=\"Leibniz1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Leibniz1-300x259.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"259\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The basic problem of the design of a mechanical calculator was how to move a gear an amount proportional to the number to be added. The MADAS are designed to use the stepped drums. This design dates back to about 1694 and was first used in a machine made by Gottfried Leibniz. Charles Xavier Thomas tried to create the first commercial version of this type, and this is commonly called a Thomas machine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The video, here under, created by Barbara Haeberlin, shows in a very clear explanation, how the stepped drum work, in order to add the numbers 5, 2, 3.<\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-2 fusion_builder_column_2_3 2_3 fusion-two-third fusion-column-first\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:66.666666666667%;width:calc(66.666666666667% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.66666666666667 ) );margin-right: 4%;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\">\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/klLB5k3LkwU?vq=hd720&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0 \" height=\"240\" width=\"320\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-3 fusion_builder_column_1_3 1_3 fusion-one-third fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;width:33.333333333333%;width:calc(33.333333333333% - ( ( 4% ) * 0.33333333333333 ) );\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\">\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/P1030795.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-5501 alignright\" alt=\"P1030795\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/P1030795-228x300.jpg\" width=\"228\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/P1030795-200x263.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/P1030795-228x300.jpg 228w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/P1030795-400x525.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/P1030795.jpg 450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 228px) 100vw, 228px\" \/><\/a><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-4 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last fusion-column-no-min-height\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;--awb-margin-bottom:0px;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div><div class=\"fusion-separator fusion-full-width-sep\" style=\"margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:40px;width:100%;\"><div class=\"fusion-separator-border sep-shadow\" style=\"--awb-height:20px;--awb-amount:20px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #ffffff 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-webkit-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #ffffff 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-moz-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #ffffff 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);background:-o-radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% -50% , #ffffff 0px, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 80%) repeat scroll 0 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-sep-clear\"><\/div>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\nYou can see in the drawing below, how the keyboard engages the stepped drum. The key (i) pushes a lever (a), backward, at a certain distance depending of the number entered on the keyboard, in order to move one of the cogwheels (b), at the exact place in front of the stepped drum (c).<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-4026\" alt=\"Clavier1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Clavier1.jpg\" width=\"687\" height=\"416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Clavier1-200x121.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Clavier1-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Clavier1-400x242.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Clavier1-600x363.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/wp-content\/uploads\/Clavier1.jpg 687w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Carry Mechanism<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In most calculating machines, all of the digits of both numbers are added at the same time. Turning the crank causes all them to go into action at once. This is fine except for the problem of carry. Carries have to be handled from right to left after the addition, and the act of adding the carries can necessitate additional carries. The reason the cogs on the pinwheels or drums only go a portion of the way around the circumference is due to the room needed for the carry mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/?page_id=3650\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/?page_id=4317\">Next Page<\/a> &gt;<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=37"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8320,"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/37\/revisions\/8320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.madas.ch\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=37"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}